(5).atom and molecules

Can you see matter?

Matter is all around you. Everything you see is matter.
All of this matter is made of small particles. The small particles are made of smaller particles.

What is Matter?

To understand minerals, we must first understand matter. Matter is the substance that physical objects are made of

Atoms and Elements :
The basic unit

of matter is an atom. At the center of an atom is its nucleus. Protons are positively charged particles in the nucleus. Also in the nucleus are neutrons with no electrical charge. Orbiting the nucleus are tiny electrons.
Electrons are negatively charged. An atom with the same number of protons and electrons is electrically neutral. If the atom has more or less electrons to protons it is called an ion. An ion will have positive charge if it has more protons than electrons. It will have negative charge if it has more electrons than protons.
The nucleus of an atom is made up of protons (blue) and neutrons (yellow). Electrons (red) orbit around the nucleus. An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element. That is, an atom has all the properties of that element. All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.
 

Molecules and Compounds :

A molecule is the smallest unit of a chemical compound. A compound is a substance made of two or more elements. The elements in a chemical compound are always present in a certain ratio. Water is probably one of the simplest compounds that you know. A water molecule is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom .
All water molecules have the same ratio: two hydrogen ions to one oxygen ion.
A water molecule has two hydrogen ions (shown in gray) bonded to one oxygen ion (shown in red).

Summary .

An atom has negatively-charged electrons in orbit around its nucleus.

The nucleus of an atom is composed of positively-charged protons, and neutrons, which have no charge.
Click here to read it in hausa.